The most direct answer would be: “They are diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth”, gingivitis affects only the gum and inflames it, it is easily reversible by going to the dentist for a routine cleaning and perfecting the brushing technique and using a brush, toothpaste, rinse and floss appropriate for each patient (your dentist will give you all this information).
Gingivitis begins to be noticeable as inflammation and redness of the gum and bleeding when brushing. When appropriate measures are not taken in time in a gingivitis process, we advance to periodontitis, which no longer only affects the gum, but also the bone and other supporting tissues of the tooth. Many will see this as a surprise, but the leading cause of premature tooth loss in adults worldwide is not tooth decay, it is periodontitis.
Periodontitis is not reversible, that is, when you begin to lose bone due to periodontitis, the bone does not recover, what can be done in early cases of this disease is to do a deep cleaning (curettage or scaling and root planing), which are similar to a dental cleaning but are much deeper, they remove plaque and calculus (tartar) that are found at the roots of the teeth (they are precisely the cause of bone loss), this treatment is done under local anesthesia and stops the progression of periodontitis. In more advanced cases of periodontitis, if the bone loss is very severe, teeth in the affected area will most likely be lost.
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